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Sagrada Familia

La Sagrada Familia en Barcelona: historia de la construcción desde 1882, arquitectura de Gaudí, fachadas, cómo visitar. Información actual.

Basílica de la Sagrada Familia

Historia del proyecto

La catedral Sagrada Familia (Sagrada Familia) es un objeto arquitectónico clave y símbolo de Barcelona, así como un punto obligatorio en las rutas de excursiones por Barcelona. La construcción del templo, iniciada en 1882, ha continuado durante más de un siglo y medio.

En 1883, el proyecto fue asumido por el arquitecto Antonio Gaudí. Dedico más de cuarenta años a trabajar en la catedral, hasta su muerte en 1926. Después de la muerte de Gaudí, el ritmo de trabajo disminuyó significativamente. Durante la Guerra Civil Española (1936–1939), los planos originales, dibujos y maquetas de yeso de Gaudí fueron destruidos.

Los trabajos de construcción se reanudaron en 1952. El proyecto actual es una compleja reconstrucción de la idea original de Gaudí, basada en los fragmentos conservados y documentos históricos.

Arquitectura e ingeniería

Gaudí imaginó la catedral como una "Biblia en piedra", donde todos los elementos tienen un profundo significado religioso y simbólico. El proyecto incluye dieciocho torres, y la cúpula central de Cristo alcanzará los 160 metros, lo que hará de la catedral una de las más altas del mundo. Gaudí evitó las líneas rectas, utilizando formas curvas resistentes (hiperboloides y paraboloides) inspiradas en la naturaleza. Las columnas internas recuerdan a árboles de piedra ramificados, distribuyendo eficazmente la carga sin contrafuertes externos. La compleja geometría de las bóvedas asegura una abundancia de luz natural.

Para los cálculos, Gaudí utilizó modelos inversos (maquetas invertidas de cuerdas). Hoy en día se utilizan modelado en 3D y corte robótico de piedra.

Hasta la fecha, la catedral tiene dos fachadas clave, contrastantes:

Financiación

El proyecto Sagrada Familia se financia exclusivamente a través de donaciones privadas y los ingresos por la venta de entradas. De esta manera, el flujo turístico influye directamente en el ritmo de construcción.

En este momento, continúan los trabajos para completar los elementos centrales, incluida la cúpula principal. A menudo se menciona el año 2026 como una fecha simbólica de finalización (para el centenario de la muerte de Gaudí), sin embargo, los plazos oficiales siguen siendo objeto de ajustes debido a la complejidad del proyecto y la necesidad de aplicar tecnologías avanzadas.

La catedral está abierta a la visita, a pesar de la construcción. Los visitantes que organizan su viaje pueden explorar el interior y las torres disponibles, utilizando un cómodo traslado desde el aeropuerto de Barcelona o los servicios de traslado desde el aeropuerto de Barcelona con conductor privado.

 

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4 weeks ago
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3 weeks ago
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a month ago
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7 months ago
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a month ago
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9 months ago
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10 months ago
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11 months ago
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3 weeks ago
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11 months ago
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a year ago
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11 months ago
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11 months ago
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11 months ago
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a year ago
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11 months ago
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a year ago
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9 months ago
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a month ago
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a year ago
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a year ago
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6 months ago
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a year ago
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a year ago
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a year ago
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a year ago
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7 months ago
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a year ago
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a year ago
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9 months ago
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